8 oxo-guanine (or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine) is a modified form of guanine, one of the four nucleotide bases that make up DNA. It is formed when guanine is damaged by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cellular processes or environmental exposure to radiation or chemicals.
DNA damage caused by 8-oxo-guanine can result in mutations and changes in genetic information, leading to various diseases including cancer, neurological disorders, and aging. However, cells have evolved mechanisms to repair and remove damaged DNA to prevent these negative effects.
8-oxo-guanine is also used as a biomarker for oxidative stress and DNA damage, as its presence in urine, blood, or tissue samples indicates the body's exposure to ROS. Its measurement can provide insights into the risk of disease and the efficacy of antioxidant therapies.
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